Fuel Hedging In Volatile Markets

May 22, 2024 | Business Insurance, Personal Insurance

There is no denying that many businesses with active hedging operations are finding the recent volatility in the oil and fuel markets to be rather difficult. Managing the daily volatility can be challenging, to put it mildly, whether you’re a producer, consumer, refiner, or marketer. The front month WTI crude oil futures have seen an average daily fluctuation of $1.63/BBL during the past month alone. The average daily change for Brent at that time has been $1.37/BBL. On the fuel side, over the past month, the average daily move for RBOB gasoline, gasoil futures, and front month heating oil was $0.03167 per gallon, $0.0390 per gallon, and $8.50 per MT, respectively.

Some companies employ gasoline hedging, sometimes referred to as fuel risk management, as a technique to lessen or completely remove sensitivity to variable and perhaps rising fuel prices. It is a legal device that enables a firm to set a cap on or regulate fuel prices for a specific period of time. Hedging is possible for refined products including jet fuel, diesel, and gasoline.


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Motives for Hedging Fuel Prices

Fuel hedging can shield businesses against unanticipated price increases that could harm their budgets and profit margins if fuel prices make up a significant amount of their operational expenditures. You may minimize budget overruns brought on by an unstable oil market by setting your gasoline expenses. Reducing market volatility safeguards budgets, improves cash flow, and stabilizes prices.


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What is the Process of Fuel Hedging?

By purchasing a futures contract—a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a particular commodity for a quantity and price agreed upon at the time of the transaction, with delivery and payment taking place at a specific date in the future—a fuel buyer creates a position in the market. During that time frame, the consumer must purchase the item at the agreed-upon price, while the provider must sell the good at that price in a similar manner.

Hedging reduces a company’s exposure to natural gas price risk by moving the risk to a party with the opposite risk profile, such as a natural gas producer, or to traders who are ready to accept the risk in exchange for future profit possibilities. The general approach for natural gas hedging involves taking a position in a financial instrument that is, ideally, extremely comparable to, if not identical to, the company’s exposure in the physical natural gas market. The physical market, often known as the cash or spot market, is the “market” where a corporation gets the actual natural gas it requires for everyday operations.


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Benefits of Fixed-Priced Programs

Risk and reward must be balanced. Although money can be lost, it can also be saved. Even though you might lose out on the best fuel deals, you might be able to prevent any prospective fuel price spikes. You take on that risk by hedging your fuel costs. However, not having a contract carries risks because fuel costs can and frequently do fluctuate overnight.

While you may feel dissatisfied when prices fluctuate downward rather than upward, you have not incurred a loss. Your overhead costs remain within your budgetary constraints, and your company keeps making a profit. The stability in this situation justifies forgoing the extra savings.


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The guarantee that comes with employing hedging as a risk management technique allows a business or fleet manager to feel secure despite the unpredictable nature of fuel prices. Additionally, once the hedging contract period has passed, you are free to take advantage of the cheaper pricing.

It’s critical to remember that one should not view hedging as a means of generating income, but rather as a means of lowering risks and relieving the pressure that comes with attempting to predict gasoline prices.

Who Needs to Hedge Their Fuel?

When fuel costs were at their peak, businesses found themselves compelled to implement fuel cost reduction strategies to combat price volatility. These strategies included downsizing to four-cylinder vehicles, restricting personal usage of company vehicles, and conducting online meetings instead of traveling off-site.

While each of these suggestions is beneficial, it is impossible to ignore the fluctuating cost of fuel. World events, natural disasters, or other elements that influence the price of oil shouldn’t impact the effectiveness of your business.


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For companies that wish to adequately plan and prepare for the unknowable, fuel hedging is a solid alternative.

Having a constant fuel price unaffected by market swings can facilitate maintaining equipment in service, preventing layoffs, and generating profits for owners and shareholders.

When determining whether fuel hedging is a viable option, consider factors such as your fleet’s size, your tolerance for rising oil prices, and your present and long-term financial objectives. Allow professionals to assist you in reducing your energy bills over the course of several months or years.


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Futures Options Hedging Futures

A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to purchase or sell a commodity in a certain amount and quality for a predetermined price with the intention of receiving payment later. To protect themselves against rising fuel prices, trucking companies would “go long” on ULSD futures (s). Its fuel expenses will increase as fuel prices increase, but its long position will make up for that. The retail price plus the futures loss is the consumer’s net fuel cost in the event that gasoline prices decline.


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Options

Insurance is a choice. A buyer who purchases an option has the option, but not the duty, to buy or sell futures contracts at a certain price. Call options shield customers from price increases. Buyers are protected from price declines by put options. A call option buyer has a hedged position, unlike those who trade futures or swaps, but they only lose the option premium if fuel prices fall. This is the best course of action.


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Swaps

In a swap, a party (such as a trucking carrier) trades exposure to a fluctuating gasoline price for a set fuel price over a predetermined time frame (s). The future purchase price of the fuel is guaranteed by a swap. The fuel consumer will pay significantly more for fuel if the price declines because of swap losses. Many fuel hedgers prefer fuel swaps over futures because they settle against the monthly average price rather than the daily price, making them a stronger hedging tool.

Additional Fuel Hedging Techniques

Futures, options, and collars are additional fuel price hedging techniques. Multiple call and put options are used in a collar hedge to limit losses and guard against rising fuel prices. Three- and four-way collars are examples of fuel collar hedges.


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